Introduction
This guide shows how to speed up downloads in the freeware bittorrent client, Vuze. All bittorrent programs need to have their incoming and outgoing communications flow freely in order to achieve the highest download speeds and that is essentially what this guide is about.
If you do not have Vuze, you can get it from the
- Vuze Home Page (32 bit version only)
- Sourceforge (all versions).
This guide was put together using information given by the developers of bittorrent programs at their forums, guides and FAQs. There are no secret tricks, just the real basics of proper set up of a bittorrent program. Following these simple steps should result in increased download speed.
These are the basic principles of optimizing a bittorrent client, like Vuze, for speed:
- Choose a proper port to avoid ISP blocks and conflicts with other programs
- Forward that port through any software firewall and router to allow incoming connections
- Adjust internal settings based upon upload capacity of the internet connection to allow room for outgoing communications and to distribute upload efficiently.
There are some programs that claim to optimize speed in Vuze. Such programs are a scam and generally contain adware or spyware. I have seen it said, by the developers of all bittorrent programs, that nothing will increase your download speed in a bittorrent client more than the basic steps set forth herein.
If you are not using Vuze, there are several other specific guides for other clients and a general guide here:
Optimizing Bittorrent Clients
Before starting the guide, in Vuze go to Tools>Options>Mode (Azureus>Preferences>Mode in Mac) and set to Advanced.
Choosing A Proper Port
To avoid messing up a network connection that is already cleared, first check and see if your communications are blocked or are already clear.
Testing The Port
Vuze has a built in port test located at Help>NAT/Firewall test. Before using this test disable and blocklist as the Vuze server is on some blocklists.
The test will show the TCP and UDP (they should be the same, but do not have to be) port already chosen for Vuze. You do not have to change to the port show in the images here. You should test both the TCP and UDP, by pressing the Test button. This image has the TCP result - you want to see OK.
This is the result that you want to see for UDP
OK (Success)-just go to Adjusting Internal Settings. Error- follow all steps.
If you failed the port test above, then you should first set your port to a proper one. The most important choice here is to avoid using a port within the 6881-6999 range. This was the range originally used by bittorrent programs and is often blocked by Internet Service Providers (ISPs). (If your port was in this range, change and re-test).
The safest choice is a port in the 49160-65534 range as this will avoid ISP blocks and possible conflicts with other applications. This range used to be 49152-65534, but apparently Vista and Windows 7 grabs some of those ports in between. Vuze-Wiki: Port is Blacklisted
Windows users, if you want to make certain there is no conflict. Go to the command prompt and type innetstat -a >c:\log.txt This will check to see which ports are being used and save a log text file at C:\. Looking at the text file, you will know which ports to avoid.
In Vuze go to Tools>Options>Connection. Depending on your Mode setting, you may only see one number
Forwarding The Port
Introduction
A router will block incoming communications unless an exception is made. All software firewalls will block incoming communications and most will also block outgoing communications, unless an exception is made. If you are "firewalled", then other people will not be able to initiate connections with you (see Why Is Being Firewalled Bad).
As there are many firewalls and routers, this guide can not give explanations as to each. However, there are guides available, on the internet for most firewalls and routers and this guide will link you to them.
Software Firewall - The permission should be set to allow TCP and UDP in both directions. Generally, you will have a choice to set permission for the Vuze port or for the Vuze program. Setting permission for the port is the very slightly safer choice.
If you are forwarding the port only, then you should also forward port 49001 UDP (the mainline DHT port) in addition to the main port above. You can check these options for guides:
Router - There are two choices here. The easier way is to use UPnP. However, this has a possible security issue. Using UPnP allows any program to create a port mapping through the router without consent of the owner. Note: Given the recent findings of Rapid7 regarding security flaws in UPnP, it is generally suggested here that manual forwarding be used. If you still want to use UPnP, then it would be a good idea totest and see if your device is vulnerable to attack through UPnP.
The other choice is to manually forward the port through the router. This does not have that security issue, but involves going through several steps to accomplish. Using the guides linked herein, this should not be that difficult and is the preferred method.
You should set a rule for the port number chosen above and then you should set a separate rule for Port 49001 UDP as this is the port that the mainline DHT uses.
UPnP (NAT-PMP in Apple) - The Easy Way - Enable UPnP (NAT-PMP for Apple) in Vuze and router.
Automatically refresh mappings when NAT status is "firewalled" should also be enabled.
Manual Forwarding
- UPnP (NAT-PMP) must be disabled in Vuze (see Images above).
- Use the Static IP Guide.
- Set permission for Vuze port you have chosen, This should be set to allow both TCP and UDP communications.. Port 49001 should also be forwarded, but for UDP only.You can check these options for guides:
- The help file of your router is the best place to look
- Portforward.com Azureus Router Index has guides for most routers
Adjusting Internal Settings
Introduction
The most important setting here is to cap upload in Vuze to 80% of your overall upload capacity. Setting upload in Vuze is a fine line. The more upload you give, the more download you will get from other peers. However, if upload is set too high, or to unlimited, then download speeds will suffer as outgoing communications (acknowledgment signals, resend requests etc) will be interfered with. Other adjustments are made here to distribute your upload so that you receive back the most download from other peers.
Mode
You should be in Mode = Advanced.as stated at the begining of this guide.
First the upload capacity of your internet connection must be determined by taking an online speed test. Speedtest.net has test locations worldwide and will highlight the one closest to you.
Before taking the speed test, press Settings in the upper right of the speedtest.net page. This will take you to another page. At the bottom of that page is the "Global Settings" options. Set "Speed Measurement" to kilobytes and press "Save" . This will facilitate entry into the calculator below and will lessen confusion as qBittorrent shows speeds in kilobytes.
You should stop all internet activity, including torrents, before taking the test and the test should be taken a few times to obtain a reliable average. Results will now show in KiloBytes. It is the upload rate that is important here.
Another Way To Test Upload Speed
For most people these test results will be reliable (Comcast users see Note). However, you may wish to do a double check on real life upload speed. When you are seeding a torrent with a good number of peers and you are using your upload cap, set upload to unlimited and watch for about 5-10 minutes and see where upload settles in at. Then input that number into the calculator in the kiloBytes section.
Note: Some ISPs will show inaccurate results on the speed test. If your ISP has anything like Comcast's PowerBoost, then your results will show higher than the actual speed of your connection. PowerBoost provides a burst of download and upload speeds above your provisioned download and upload speeds for the first 10MB and 5MB respectively. Since the speed test involves relatively small files, this will skew results upward.
If you have PowerBoost, or something similar, my findings from my own results and those of others is that the actual speeds are 60% of the test result. So if you get 200kB/s for upload at the test, you should enter 120 in the kB/s box in the calculator. Using Google ("speed result" x .6) will get the proper number to enter in the calculator and this actually turns out to be very accurate. You should end up with the calculator showing a cap that is about half of the test result.
Calculator: Azureus Upload Settings Calculator
Once you have an average upload speed for your connection go to the online Azureus Upload Settings Calculator. Although designed for Azureus, this calculator will work for all bittorrent clients.
This calculator was created by the8472 a contributor to Vuze (fka Azureus) and part of the team that createdBittorrent Protocol Encryption.
Enter your average upload speed in the appropriate box
The calculator will automatically give the proper figures to adjust various options in µTorrent.
Input Results Into Vuze - Screen shots of locations in Vuze of settings to be adjusted
Tools>Options>Transfer Azurues>Preferences>Transfer
Do not enable the "Auto" setting
Tools>Optoins>Queue Azureus>Preferences>Queue
Peer Sources & Encryption
Having the proper peer sources enabled, such as Peer Exchange (PEX) and Distributed Hash Table (DHT), will help download speeds as they will help you find additional seeds and peers for a torrent.
Encryption was primarily designed to thwart Internet Service Providers interference with bittorrent. Having encryption enabled and allowing incoming legacy (non-encrypted) connections will provide you with the largest pool of seeds/peers to select from.
The settings for peer sources are at Tools>Options>Connection and should be set as in the below image:
The settings for encryption are at Tools>Options>Connection>Transport Encryption. The settings shown in the image below will provide the highest encryption level and still allow connection with the most seeds/peers:
Mainline DHT Plugin
I now suggest the use of the Mailine DHT plugin in setting your Vuze up to get the best possible speed. The DHT enabled in the step above is the Vuze implementation of DHT and is used by a minority of users. The vast majority of users utilize the DHT implemented by µTorrent. Installing this plugin will allow you to connect to both the Vuze DHT network and the µTorrent (or Mainline) DHT network. This most likely will not make a difference on very healthy torrents, but on smaller torrent swarms may be a great help.
Good Torrents
The general rule here is to choose torrents that have a high seed to peer ratio. Seeds have 100% of the content associated with the torrent and are only uploading to peers. Peers also upload to other peers, but are also looking for other peers to upload to themselves and their download capacity is almost always higher than their upload capacity.
This applies even though one swarm has significantly more active users than another. For example, a torrent with 30 seeders and 70 peers (30% seeders) will generally be faster than one with 500 seeders and 2500 peers (20% seeders) as the average upload capacity available to the peers will be higher. (TorrentFreak).
